AN INTEGRATED FRAMEWORK FOR CROWD MANAGEMENT A CASE OF BANKE BIHARI TEMPLE, VRINDAVAN

Abstract

This study addresses the challenges of crowd management in the Banke Bihari Temple precinct, Vrindavan, a high-density religious environment experiencing intense and fluctuating pedestrian movement. The existing conditions are characterized by congestion, inefficient circulation, and safety concerns arising from the mismatch between high footfall and limited spatial capacity. The research adopts a planning-oriented approach integrating spatial analysis, behavioural understanding, and management assessment. Primary surveys, movement mapping, and observational studies were conducted to analyze pedestrian flow patterns, congestion points, and user behaviour. Secondary data and case studies further informed the analysis. Based on the findings, an integrated spatial behavioural technological framework is developed, focusing on circulation restructuring, congestion redistribution, and regulated inflow management. The proposal introduces a multi-scalar system including peripheral parking, pedestrian prioritization, holding areas, and controlled entry mechanisms. The proposed framework enhances safety, improves movement efficiency, and ensures inclusivity while maintaining the cultural and spatial character of the precinct. The study demonstrates the role of planning in addressing complex crowd dynamics and provides a replicable model for similar high-density religious environments.